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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-10-658-673</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-2543</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка факторов риска профессиональной деятельности и состояние здоровья сотрудников противопожарной службы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Occupational risk factors and physical condition of firefighters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-5833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешков</surname><given-names>Николай Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkov</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, гл. науч. сотр. лаб. комплексных проблем оценки риска для здоровья населения и работающих ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», д-р мед. наук, проф.</p><p>e-mail: professor12@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Honored doctor of the Russian Federation, chief researcher of complex problems of risk assessment department for the health of the population and employees, Izmerov Research Institute of OccupationalHealth, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), prof.</p><p>e-mail: professor12@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">professor12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-2718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухтияров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukhtiyarov</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-5381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вальцева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valtseva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда им. академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>658</fpage><lpage>673</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мешков Н.А., Бухтияров И.В., Вальцева Е.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мешков Н.А., Бухтияров И.В., Вальцева Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshkov N.A., Bukhtiyarov I.V., Valtseva E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2543">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2543</self-uri><abstract><p>Сотрудники противопожарной службы подвергаются воздействию факторов, способных вызвать развитие острых или хронических заболеваний и отдаленных последствий для здоровья. Цель исследования - обзор и анализ отечественных и зарубежных публикаций, посвященных профессиональной деятельности пожарных, а также оценка влияния факторов риска на состояние их здоровья. Проведен анализ литературы в MedLine, PubMed, Elibrary.ru и Cyberleninka с охватом данных, касающихся условий труда, факторов риска и последствий для здоровья пожарных разных категорий: городских, лесных пожарных и волонтеров. Для анализа использованы статистические методы исследований.</p><p>По результатам исследований, представленным в отечественных и зарубежных публикациях, выполнен анализ условий труда пожарных, динамики, структуры заболеваемости и причин впервые выявленной инвалидности, а также смертности пожарных в сравнении с населением сопоставимого возраста в России и зарубежных странах. Проведен сравнительный анализ рисков развития у пожарных отдельных заболеваний и смертности по их причине. Установлено, что по вкладу в общую заболеваемость у пожарных первое место на рассматриваемых территориях занимают болезни органов дыхания. Риск развития болезней органов дыхания и костно-мышечной системы составляет соответственно RR=2,8 (EF=65%) и RR=2,1 (EF=53%). Болезни органов дыхания и системы кровообращения отнесены к группе производственно-обусловленных заболеваний. Наиболее частыми причинами госпитализированной заболеваемости и инвалидности пожарных являются болезни системы кровообращения. В ряде исследований отмечено увеличение частоты онкологической заболеваемости и смертности пожарных. Установлено, что вероятность смерти от рака у пожарных выше, чем у сопоставимой когорты населения, хотя по другим данным таких различий не выявлено.</p><p>Профессиональная деятельность пожарного осуществляется в условиях воздействия вредных и опасных факторов производственной среды и высокого нервно-психического напряжения. В сравнении с населением у сотрудников противопожарной службы повышены уровни инвалидности по причине болезней «органов чувств», системы кровообращения и органов пищеварения. Связи между факторами риска производственной среды и онкологической заболеваемостью у пожарных не установлено. Выявление такой связи возможно только на основе эпидемиологических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Firefighters are exposed to factors that can cause acute and chronic health problems and have long-term health effects. The study aim is to review and analyse publications by authors from Russia and abroad devoted to firefighting and health impacts of different risk factors.</p><p>The authors analysed studies published on MedLine, PubMed, Elibrary.ru and Cyberleninka with data on working conditions, risk factors and health impacts for firefighters spanning different categories: those who work in cities, forest firefighters, and volunteers. The authors used statistical research methods for this analysis.</p><p>Findings of the studies by Russian and foreign authors were used to analyse working conditions of firefighters, as well as trends, morbidity patterns and causes of newly diagnosed disabilities, and firefighter mortality compared to population of comparable age in Russia and other countries. The authors performed comparative analysis of risks of some diseases in firefighters and mortality caused by them. The authors found that respiratory diseases account for the largest cause of morbidity in firefighters in the area under analysis. Respiratory disease and musculoskeletal disorder risks are RR=2.8 (EF=65%) and RR=2.1 (EF=53%), respectively. Respiratory and circulatory system diseases are work-related diseases. Circulatory system diseases are the largest cause of inpatient care morbidity and disability in firefighters. According to several studies, cancer morbidity and mortality in firefighters has been increasing. Some studies say that the cancer mortality rate is higher in firefighters than in peer population, although others have not found such differences.</p><p>Firefighters are exposed to occupational hazards and dangers, as well as to considerable psychological stress. Rates of disability caused by sensory system conditions, circulatory system diseases and digestive diseases are higher in EMERCOM of Russia’s firefighters than in other population groups. No relationship has been found between occupational risk factors and cancer morbidity in firefighters. 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