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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-8-518-524</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-2504</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Индивидуальная уязвимость работников к режимам труда с ночными сменами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The vulnerability of individual employees to work schedules with night shifts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокин Геннадий Александрович - старший научный сотрудник отдела анализа рисков здоровью населения.</p><p>2-я Советская ул., 4, Санкт-Петербург, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady A. Sorokin - senior researcher of the Department of analysis of risks to the health of the population, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.).</p><p>4, 2-ya Sovetskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sorgen50@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakov</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>2-я Советская ул., 4, Санкт-Петербург, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay D. Chistyakov</p><p>4, 2-ya Sovetskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>518</fpage><lpage>524</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сорокин Г.А., Чистяков Н.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А., Чистяков Н.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A., Chistyakov N.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2504">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2504</self-uri><abstract><p>который является фактором риска многих хронических заболеваний. Наиболее значимыми их причинами являются продолжительность, частота и степень нарушения суточного ритма — стаж сменного труда, частота ночных смен, возможностью короткого сна в ночной смене. В качестве показателей уязвимости к ночной работе (УЯЗ) чаще всего рассматривают возраст, пол и хронотип работника, однако остается не ясной эффективность использования этих индивидуальных характеристик в прогнозных моделях риска заболеваний при сменном труде.</p><p>Цель исследования — используя предложенный показатель УЯЗ, исследовать ее зависимость от возраста, стажа, пола, хронической усталости, состояния здоровья, интенсивности труда и условий производственной среды.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовалось два показателя УЯЗ: обычная усталость работника больше при работе в ночной смене, чем при той же работе в дневной смене (УЯЗ. 1); большая усталость от вечерней и ночной работы (УЯЗ. 2). Исследовались: 1 группа (ГР1) — 688 работников предприятий непрерывного производства и организаций здравоохранения, в которых используются режимы труда с ночными сменами; 2 группа (ГР2) — 298 работников нефтеперерабатывающего завода; 3 группа (ГР3) — 679 работников образования и здравоохранения; 4 группа (ГР4) — 630 преподавателей университета. Работников опрашивали о состоянии здоровья, симптомах хронической усталости и ее профессиональных и непрофессиональных факторах, условиях труда. Оценивался уровень интенсивности труда работников ГР1 и ГР2. Использовалcя показатель годовой прирост риска (ГПР) для изучения возрастной и стажевой динамики состояния здоровья (ГПРвз и ГПРст). Использовались данные о заболеваниях, выявленных при медицинском осмотре работников ГР1 и ГР4.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В первый год сменного стажа 50-55% работников групп ГР1 и ГР2 устают в ночной смене больше, чем в дневной. При стаже 2 года таких работников становится примерно в 2 раза меньше, затем в течение 10 лет риск УЯЗ. 1 постепенно возрастает до уровня близкого значению в первый год стажа. У работников ГР1 и ГР2 не выявлено зависимости УЯЗ. 1 от возраста в диапазоне 25-64 года. В ГР4 установлена обратная V-образная зависимость УЯЗ. 2 от возраста. При одинаковых профессиях на НПЗ УЯЗ. 1 чаще наблюдается у женщин (RR=1,17; 0,49-2,8). Для раз личных показателей здоровья величина отношения ГПРст / ГПРвз составила от 2,4 до 5,0. В ГР1 при УЯЗ. 1 выявлен повышенный риск хронических инфекционных заболеваний (RR=13,6;1,67-111,0) и заболеваин онихомикозом (женщины — RR=2,45(2,02-3,00); мужчины RR=1,49 (0,96-2,30). Установлена V-образная зависимость риска УЯЗ. 1 от интенсивности труда.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. При режиме труда с ночными сменами 30-50% работников устают больше при выполнении той же работы в ночное время, чем в дневное. У этих работников не происходит адаптации к ночным сменам. При режиме труда с ночными сменами ГПРст рисков различных хронических нарушений здоровья в 2,4-5 раз больше их возрастного тренда. Долговременная УЯЗ. 1 является одним из признаков развития хронической усталости и ухудшения общего состояния здоровья работника. УЯЗ работника возрастает при воздействии разнообразных профессиональных и непрофессиональных хронических стрессоров.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. 15-20% of the working population is engaged in various degrees of night work, which is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. The most significant causes are the duration, frequency, and degree of disruption of the daily rhythm — the length of shift work, the frequency of night shifts, the possibility of short sleep (napping) in the night shift. The age, gender, and chronotype of the employee are most often considered as indicators of vulnerability to night work (VNW), but the effectiveness of using these individual characteristics in predictive models of disease risk during shift work remains unclear.</p><p>The aim of the study is to use the proposed indicator of VNW to investigate its dependence on age, length of shift work, gender, chronic fatigue, health status, labor intensity and working environment conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Two indicators were used: usual fatigue of the employee more when working in the night shift than when working in the day shift (VNW. 1); great fatigue from evening and night work (VNW. 2). The following groups were Studied: 1 group GR1-688 employees of continuous production enterprises and health organizations that use working modes with night shifts; GR2-298 employees of an oil refinery; GR3-679 employees of education and health care; GR4-630 University teachers. Employees were asked about their health status, symptoms of chronic fatigue and its professional and non-professional factors and working conditions. The level of labor intensity of GR1 and GR2 employees was assessed. Was used the annual increase in risk indicator (AIR) to study the age’s and experience’s dynamics of health status (AIRag and AIRex). Was used data on diseases detected during the medical examination of employees of GR1 and GR4.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the first year of shift experience, 50-55% of employees in groups GR1 and GR2 are tired during the night shift, more than during the day. With 2 years of experience, such workers become about 2 times less, then within 10 years the risk of VNW. 1 gradually increases to a level close to the value in the first year of service. Employees of GR1 and GR2 were not found to have any dependence of VNW. 1 from the age range of 25-64 years. In GR4, the V-inverse relationship of VNW. 2 is established from the age. With the same professions at oil refinery VNW. 1 is more often observed in women ((RR=1.17;0.49-2.8). For different health indicators the ratio of AIRex/AIRag amounted from 2.4 to 5.0. In GR1 at VNW. 1 an increased risk of chronic infectious diseases has been identified (RR=13.6; 1.67-111.0) and onychomycosis (women — RR=2.45 (2.023.00); men RR=1.49 (0.96-2.30). The V-shaped dependence of the risk of VNW. 1 is established. 1 on the intensity of labor.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. When working with night shifts, 30-50% of employees are more tired when performing the same work at day shift. These workers do not adapt to night shifts. When working with night shifts, the risk of various chronic health disorders is 2.4-5 times greater than their age trend. Long-term VNW. 1 is one of the signs of the development of chronic fatigue and deterioration of the overall health of the employee. The employee's risk of VNW increases when exposed to a variety of professional and non-professional chronic stressors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уязвимость к ночным сменам</kwd><kwd>стаж работы</kwd><kwd>годовой прирост риска здоровью</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>интенсивность труда</kwd><kwd>производственная среда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vulnerability to night shifts</kwd><kwd>length of shift work</kwd><kwd>annual increase in health risk</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>work intensity</kwd><kwd>production environment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreno C.R.C. et al. Working Time Society consensus statements: Evidence-based effects of shift work on physical and mental health. 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