<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-8-494-500</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-1412</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR THE PRACTICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние усталости и переутомления на общую заболеваемость работников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of fatigue and overwork on the General morbidity of workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-5476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокин Геннадий Александрович, ст. науч. сотр. отдела анализа рисков здоровью населения, канд. биол. наук, 2-я Советская ул., 4, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady A. Sorokin, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher of the Department of analysis of risks to the health of the population, 4, 2nd Sovetskaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sorgen50@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakov</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>2-я Советская ул., 4, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, 2nd Sovetskaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 191036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслов</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslov</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Садовая ул., 126, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 190121</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>126, Sadovaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 190121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр АО «Адмиралтейские верфи»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical center JSC “Admiralteyskiye Verfi ”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>494</fpage><lpage>500</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сорокин Г.А., Чистяков Н.Д., Суслов В.Л., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А., Чистяков Н.Д., Суслов В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A., Chistyakov N.D., Suslov V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/1412">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/1412</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Производственно обусловленная заболеваемость возникает в результате неспецифического воздействия на организм человека повышенного утомления и переутомления. Однако отсутствуют исследования связей общей заболеваемости работников с их острой и хронической усталостью.</p><p>Цель исследования — установление закономерностей связи острой усталости с хронической усталостью и с общей заболеваемостью работников, выявляемой при периодических медицинских обследованиях работников.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Усталость и переутомление изучались с помощью стандартизированной анкеты. В качестве интегральной оценки усталости использовались два показателя: «степень обычной усталости» (Усуб) и продолжительность нахождения работника в состоянии усталости, часов в неделю (ЧУнед). Показатель ЧУнед учитывает Усуб , частоту, время появления и исчезновения усталости, продолжительность рабочей недели. В исследовании принимали участие 1733 работника разных профессий. Медицинский осмотр прошли 396 человек.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди обследованных работников сильную усталость (Усуб=3) отмечали 5% женщин и 2% мужчин. Выявлено, что суммарная за год длительность заболеваемости с временной утратой трудоспособности у сильно устающих работников (Усуб=3) составляет в среднем 24,9 дня, а у немного устающих (Усуб=1) в среднем 5,1 дня. В зоне риска переутомления (ЧУнед&gt;24 ч) находятся 38% женщин и 20% мужчин. Показатель ЧУнед позволяет дифференцировать связанные с усталостью профессиональные риски среди работников с одинаковой Усуб. При ЧУнед &gt;24 ч у мужчин и женщин все показатели здоровья, полученные как по данным опроса, так и при медицинском осмотре, ухудшены.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Усуб является наиболее простым, оперативным и достаточно надежным показателем для этиологических исследований рисков переутомления и причин профессионально обусловленных заболеваний. У женщин при Усуб=3 по сравнению с не устающими работницами (Усуб=0) многократно повышены риски ухудшения здоровья в течение года, у умеренно устающих женщин (Усуб=2) также наблюдается существенное увеличение всех рисков, но в меньшей степени. ЧУнед позволяет дифференцировать риски среди работников с одинаковой Усуб. При ЧУнед более 24 часов наблюдается существенный рост рисков для здоровья, выявляемых как по данным опроса, так и по данным периодического медицинского осмотра. Ведущей причиной ЧУнед является удельный вес в рабочем времени периодов нахождения работников в состоянии повышенного внимания и интенсивность трудового процесса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Production-related morbidity occurs as a result of nonspecific effects on the human body increased fatigue and overfatigue. However, there are no studies of the links between the General morbidity of workers with their acute fatigue and chronic fatigue.</p><p>The aim of the study was establishment of pattern of connection of acute fatigue with chronic fatigue and with the general morbidity of workers revealed at periodic medical examinations of workers.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Fatigue and fatigue were studied using a standardized questionnaire. As an integral assessment of fatigue we used two indicators “degree of usual fatigue” (Fsub) and the duration of the employee in a state of fatigue, hours per week (Hweek). The Hweek index considers the Fsub, frequency, time of occurrence and disappearance of fatigue, the duration of the working week. In research took part 1733 of different professions. 396 people underwent medical examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among the surveyed workers, 5% of women and 2% of men had severe fatigue (Fsub =3). We have shown that the total annual duration of morbidity with temporary disability in very tired workers (Fsub =3) is an average of 24.9 days, and a little tired (Fsub =1) an average of 5.1 days. 38% of women and 20% of men are at risk of fatigue (Hweek &gt;24 hours). The Hweek indicator allows to differentiate the occupational risks associated with fatigue among workers with the same Fsub. At Hweek &gt;24 hours in men and women, all health indicators obtained from both the survey and the medical examination are worsened.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Fsub is the most simple, operational and reliable indicator for the etiological study of the risks of fatigue and the causes of professionally caused diseases. In women with Fsub =3, compared with non-tired workers (Fsub=0), the risks of health deterioration during the year are repeatedly increased, in moderately tired women (Fsub=2) there is also a significant increase in all risks, but to a lesser extent. Hweek allows you to differentiate risks among workers with the same Fsub. With Hweek more than 24 hours, there is a significant increase in health risks, detected both according to the survey and according to periodic medical examination. The leading cause of Fsub =3 is the share in working time of the periods of stay of workers in a state of increased attention and intensity of the labor process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>усталость</kwd><kwd>продолжительность усталости</kwd><kwd>хроническая усталость</kwd><kwd>переутомление</kwd><kwd>риск здоровью</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость работников</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fatigue</kwd><kwd>duration of fatigue</kwd><kwd>chronic fatigue</kwd><kwd>overfatigue</kwd><kwd>health risk</kwd><kwd>morbidity of workers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Измеров Н.Ф. Проблемы оценки и управления профессиональными рисками. Доклад на всероссийском совещании по охране труда. 28 апреля 2010. http://www.myshared.ru/theme/prezentatsiya-po-ohrane-truda/6/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izmerov N.F. Problems of professional risk assessment and management. Report at the all-Russian meeting on labor protection. April 28, 2010. http://www.myshared.ru/theme/prezentatsiya-po-ohrane-truda/6/ (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медико-физиологическая классификация работ по тяжести. Методические рекомендации. НИИ труда ГК Совета министров СССР по труду М.; 1974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medical-physiological classification of works according to the severity. Methodical recommendation. NIItruda GK Soveta ministrov SSSR po trudu. M.;1974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lock AM, Bonetti DL, Campbell ADK. The psychological and physiological health effects of fatigue. Occup Med (Lond). 2018; 16 (68(8)): 502–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lock A.M., Bonetti D.L., Campbell A.D.K. The psychological and physiological health effects of fatigue. Occup Med (Lond). 2018; 16 (68(8)): 502–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петухов Б.Н. и др. Соотношение объективных и субъективных показателей при оценке функционального состояния человека в производственных условиях. Физиология человека. 1984; 10 (1): 72–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petuhov B.N. et al. The ratio of objective and subjective indicators in assessing the functional state of a person in the workplace. Fiziologiya cheloveka. 1984;1: 72–80 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А. Хронофизиологическое исследование профессионально-обусловленной усталости. Физиология человека. 2008; 6: 70–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A. Chronophysiological Study of Occupational Fatigue. Fiziologiya cheloveka. 2008; 6: 70–7. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinsman R.A., Weiser P.C. Subjective Symptomatology During Work and Fatigue. Psychological Aspects and Physiological Correlates of Work and Fatigue. Sprigfi eld; 1976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinsman R.A. Weiser P.C. Subjective Symptomatology During Work and Fatigue. Psychological Aspects and Physiological Correlates of Work and Fatigue. Sprigfi eld; 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сохранение работоспособности плавающего состава военно-морского флота. Министерство обороны СССР. М.: Военное изд-во; 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maintaining the efficiency of the floating composition of the Navy. М.: 1990 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трахтенберг И. Поляков А. Очерки физиологии и гигиены труда пожилого человека. Киев: Издательский дом «Авиценна»; 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trakhtenberg I., Polyakov F. Essays on the physiology and health of the elderly. Kiev: «Avicenna»; 2007 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keiji Fukuda K/ et al. The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Comprehensive Approach to Its Definition and Study. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121: 953–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keiji Fukuda K/ et al. The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Comprehensive Approach to Its Definition and Study. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121: 953–59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huibers M.J.H., Beurskens A.J., Prins J.B. Fatigue, burnout, and chronic fatigue syndrome among employees on sick leave: do attributions make the difference? Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60: i26–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huibers M.J.H., Beurskens A.J., Prins J.B. Fatigue, burnout, and chronic fatigue syndrome among employees on sick leave: do attributions make the difference? Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60: i26–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loriol M. A sociological stance on fatigue and tiredness: Social inequalities, norms and representations. Nevrophisiol Clin. 2017;47(2): 87–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loriol M. A sociological stance on fatigue and tiredness: Social inequalities, norms and representations. Nevrophisiol Clin. 2017; 47 (2): 87–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steven E. et al. Fatigue Risk Management in the Workplace. JOEM. 2012; 54 (2): 231–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steven E. et al. Fatigue Risk Management in the Workplace. JOEM. 2012; 54 (2): 231–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guidance Note for Fatigue Risk Management. State of Queensland, Department of Natural Resources and Mines; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidance Note for Fatigue Risk Management. State of Queensland, Department of Natural Resources and Mines; 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fourie C. et al. Fatigue Risk Management Systems: A Review of the Literature. September 2010 London: Clockwork Research Ltd, Department for Transport. http://www.clockworkresearch.com/publications/2010b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fourie C. et al. Fatigue Risk Management Systems: A Review of the Literature. September 2010 London: Clockwork Research Ltd, Department for Transport. http://www.clockworkresearch.com/publications/2010b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang J, Qiu C, Xu H, You G. A model for predicting acute and chronic fatigue in Chinese nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2013; 69(3): 546–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang J, Qiu C, Xu H, You G. A model for predicting acute and chronic fatigue in Chinese nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2013; 69(3): 546–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kant IJ et al. An epidemiological approach to study fatigue in the working population: the Maastricht Cohort Study. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60 (I): i32 — i39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kant I.J. et al. An epidemiological approach to study fatigue in the working population: the Maastricht Cohort Study. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60 (I): i32 — i39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А. Интегральная оценка психосоматических симптомов профессионального выгорания и его профилактика. Вестник Росздравнадзора. 2018; 1: 40–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A. Integral assessment of psychosomatic symptoms of professional burnout and its prevention. Vestnic Roszdravnadzora. 2018. 1: 40–5 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А. Интегральная оценка субъективных симптомов для выявления хронического зрительного, двигательного и неспецифического переутомления работающих. Мед. труда. и пром. экол. 1998; 11: 13–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A. Integral assessment of subjective symptoms to identify chronic visual, motor and non-specific fatigue of workers. Med. truda i Prom. ekol. 1998; 11: 13–1. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребняк В.П., Солонин Ю. Г., Петухов Б.Н. Физиологическое нормирование физического труда. В кн.: Физиологическое нормирование в трудовой деятельности, Л., Наука; 1988: 18–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grebnijk V.P., Solonin Y.G., Pttuhov B.N. Physiological regulation of physical labor. Physiological regulation in the labour force. L., Nauka; 1988: 18–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vernon H.M. The health and efficiency of munition workers. Oxford, London; 1940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernon H. M. The health and efficiency of munition workers. Oxford, London, 1940, 142p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А., Шилов В.В. Гигиенические аспекты хронической профессиональной усталости и старения. Гигиена и санитария. 2017; 7: 627–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A., Shilov V.V. Hygienic aspects of chronic professional fatigue and aging. Gigiena i sanitarija. 2017; 7: 627–31 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А. и др. Зависимость состояния здоровья сборщиц от степени производственного утомления. Гигиена и санитария. 1991; 3: 32–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A. et al. The dependence of the health of assembly workers on the degree of industrial fatigue. Gigiena i sanitarija. 1991; 3: 32–4 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
