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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2018-12-14-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-1254</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профессиональная бронхиальная астма от воздействия аэрозолей поливинилхлорида: фенотипы заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Occupational bronchial asthma caused by exposure to polyvinyl chloride: phenotypes of the disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Островитянова, 1, Москва, 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovitianov str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>Lyudmila P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Буденного, 31, Москва, 105275; ул. Трубецкая, 8/2, Москва, 119991.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>31, Budennogo Ave., Moscow, 105275; 8/1, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коляскина</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyaskina</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коляскина Мария Михайловна, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. медико-биологических исследований ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», препод. каф. мед. труда, авиац., космич. и водолазн. медицины ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, канд. мед.наук. </p><p>пр-т Буденного, 31, Москва, 105275; ул. Трубецкая, 8/2, Москва, 119991.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher of Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, IRIOH; lecturer, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aviation, Space and Diving Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Cand. Med. Sci.</p><p>31, Budennogo Ave., Moscow, 105275; 8/1, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biochimiamt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильева О.С., Кузьмина Л.П., Коляскина М.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева О.С., Кузьмина Л.П., Коляскина М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva O.S., Kuzmina L.P., Kolyaskina M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/1254">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/1254</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Механизм развития профессиональной бронхиальной астмы (ПБА) от воздействия аэрозолей поливинилхлорида (ПВХ) до конца не ясен. Многогранность свойств компонентов, входящих в состав аэрозолей ПВХ, указывает на возможность развития ПБА у рабочих с участием как неиммунных, так и иммунных механизмов.</p><p>Цель исследование — изучение клинических и молекулярно-генетических особенностей формирования ПБА на рабочем месте мясоупаковщиков.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено обследование 113 работников мясокомбината мужского и женского пола. Выявлена группа лиц (48 человек), имевших ежедневный контакт с токсико-аллергенными аэрозолями, которые в виде дыма выделялись в рабочую зону от расплавленной ПВХ — пленки в процессе упаковки мясной продукции. Всем обследованным были проведены клинико-функциональные исследования бронхолегочной системы и молекулярно-генетические исследования: выявление гипосекреторных аллелей гена α–1ИП; определение полиморфизма генов GSTМ1 и GSTТ1.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Исследование показало, что экспозиция продуктов деградации ПВХ вызывает раздражение и сенсибилизацию дыхательных путей, видимых слизистых и кожных покровов. У лиц, проработавших 5–10 лет, выявлены обратимые обструктивные нарушения вентиляции легких с гиперчувствительностью бронхов (ГЧБ) к производственным факторам (30 человек) и симптомами БА (18 человек) иммунного и неиммунного генеза. Определены фенотипы БА: профессиональная — иммунная и неиммунная (11 человек) и агравированная условиями труда (7 человек). Установлено, что индивидуальными факторами риска развития ПБА у мясоупаковщиков являются: наличие гипосекреторного PiMZ варианта гена α–1ИП и делеция генов глутатион-S-трансферазы (GSTМ1 0/0 и GSTТ1 0/0). Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что астма мясоупаковщиков является мультифакторным заболеванием.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Анализ профанамнеза и профмаршрута, физикальных изменений и нарушения ФВД свидетельствуют о результате ежедневного раздражающего и сенсибилизирующего воздействия токсических паров, присутствующих на рабочем месте. Выявленные особенности развития БА позволили выделить разные фенотипы заболевания: истинная ПБА, иммунная (аллергической), неиммунная, БА, агравированная условиями труда. Выявленные связи между гипосекреторными вариантами α1-ИП, носительством нулевых аллелей генов глутатионтрансферазы (GSTM1 и GSTT  1), развитием ПБА и степенью ее тяжести, указывают на то, что астма упаковщиков является мультифакторным заболеванием.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Mechanism underlying development of occupational bronchial asthma (OA) caused by exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) aerosols is not completely clear. Complex properties of PVC aerosols components indicate possible development of OA among workers via both non-immune and immune mechanisms.</p><p>Objective is to study clinical and genetic characteristics of occupational bronchial asthma development at meat packers’ workplace.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Examination covered 113 male and female meat-processing plant workers. A group (48 people) appeared to have daily contact with toxic-allergenic aerosols which were released as a smoke into the working area from molten PVC membrane during the meat products packing. All the examinees underwent clinical and functional tests of bronchopulmonary system and molecular genetic studies: identification of hyposecretory alleles of α–1IP gene; determination of genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The study proved that exposure to PVC degradation products causes irritation and sensitization of the respiratory tract, visible mucous membranes and skin. The examinees with 5–10 years of service demonstrated reversible obstructive pulmonary ventilation disorders with bronchial hypersensitivity to occupational factors (30 people) and symptoms of bronchial asthma (18 people) of immune and non-immune origin. The asthma phenotypes were determined: occupational — immune and non-immune (11 people) and aggravated by work conditions (7 people). The study proved that individual risk factors of occupational bronchial asthma in meat-packers are: hyposecretory PiMZ variant of α1-PI gene and deletion of glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT 1). The findings prove that meatpackers’ asthma is a multifactorial disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Hyposecretory alleles of α1-PI gene appeared to participate in occupational bronchial asthma development. Identified relationships between hyposecretory variants of α1-PI gene, null alleles of glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT 1) carriage, occupational bronchial asthma development and severity suggest that meat-packers’ asthma is a multifactorial disease. This could be an explanation of various phenotypes of occupational bronchial asthma. Problem of occupational bronchial asthma development due to influence of PVC pyrolysis products necessitates further wide clinical, hygienic and molecular genetic studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аэрозоли поливинилхлорида</kwd><kwd>профессиональная бронхиальная астма мясоупаковщиков</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>мультифакторное заболевание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polyvinyl chloride aerosols</kwd><kwd>occupational asthma of meat packers</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>multifactorial disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarlo S., Cullinan P., Nemery B. 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